Ti:Sapphire (Al2O3:Ti3+)- titanium-doped sapphire crystals combine supreme physical and optical properties with broadest lasing range.  Its indefinitely long stability and useful lifetime added to the lasing over entire band of 660-1050 nm challenge "dirty" dyes in variety of applications. Medical laser systems, lidars, laser spectroscopy, direct femtosecond pulse generation by Kerr-type mode-locking - there are few of existing and potential applications.

    The absorption band of Ti:Sapphire, centered at 490 nm, makes it suitable for the pump source for a variety of lasers - argon ion, frequency doubled Nd:YAG and YLF, copper vapour lasers. Due to its 3.2 μs fluorescence lifetime, Ti:Sapphire crystals can be effectively pumped by short pulse flashlamps in powerful laser systems.

Main Specifications

Ti2O3 concentration

0.06-0.5 %

Figure of Merit

100~300

Diameter

2~50mm

Path Length

2~100mm

End configuration

flat/flat or Brewster/Brewster ends or custom specified

Orientation

Optical axis C normal to rod axis

α490

1.0-7.5cm-1

Flatness

λ/10 @633nm

Parallelism

10 arcsec

Surface quality

10/5 scratch/dig

Wavefront distortion

4 per inch

Physical Properties

Chemical formula

Ti3+: Al2O3

Crystal structure

Hexagonal

Melting point

2050℃

Density

3.98 g/cm3

Hardness

9 Mohs 

Thermal conductivity

0.11 cal/(℃ x sec x cm)

Specific heat

0.10 cal/g

Optical Properties

Laser action

4-Level Vibronic

Lattice constants

a = 4.748, c = 12.957

Fluorescence lifetime

3.2 μsec (T = 300 K)

Tuning range

660-1050 nm

Absorption range

400-600 nm

Emission peak

795 nm

Absorption peak

488 nm

Refractive index

1.76 @ 800 nm